The ancient city of Mira
The ancient city of Myra, located near Finike in Turkey, stands as a popular tourist attraction in the Antalya region. Situated approximately 25 kilometers west of Finike and close to the city of Demre, Myra is also known by two other names: Dimera and Calais.
With a history dating back to around 500 BC, Myra boasts a collection of historical monuments that contribute to its unique beauty and charm. Regarded as one of the most significant historical cities in the Antalya region, Myra’s remaining structures serve as poignant reminders of its rich cultural heritage. A visit to the ancient city of Myra offers a journey into the history and culture of the region. The architectural and artistic masterpieces found in Myra’s ancient buildings and structures provide insight into the lives and customs of its past inhabitants. For history enthusiasts and archaeology buffs, exploring Myra is an opportunity to delve into the captivating narrative of bygone eras, as told through its enduring remnants.
Where is the ancient city of Mira?
The ancient city of Myra is situated in Antalya, Turkey, and is renowned for its rich historical heritage. Dating back to the fifth century BC, Myra boasts numerous historical monuments, including stone inscriptions adorned with intricate motifs and engravings from ancient times.
One of the highlights of Myra is the ancient amphitheater of St. Nicholas, which served as a grand venue for various performances and sporting events. Additionally, the breathtaking natural landscapes surrounding the city attract numerous tourists seeking to immerse themselves in its beauty.
With a history dating back to the ancient Roman era, Myra holds significant importance as one of Turkey’s foremost historical cities. Its enduring monuments and archaeological sites offer visitors a glimpse into the past, making it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and travelers alike.
How to access Mira
Tourists planning to visit the ancient city of Myra can conveniently access the area from the city of Demre. Upon arrival, visitors can proceed to the entrance of the archaeological site and purchase tickets from the ticket center. In the vicinity of the Myra archaeological site, visitors will find amenities such as shops, eateries, and parking facilities, catering to the needs of tourists. Additionally, coffee shops and restaurants have been established in the area, offering visitors the opportunity to relax and enjoy refreshments amidst the historical surroundings.
Exploring the ancient sights of Myra while availing oneself of the tourist facilities ensures a memorable and enjoyable trip to this historically significant area.
History of the ancient city of Mira
The ancient city of Myra, located in Antalya, Turkey, stands as a remarkable testament to the rich historical and cultural heritage of the region. With a history spanning thousands of years, Myra serves as a symbol of ancient civilizations and traditions. Renowned for its architectural beauty, artistic treasures, and sophisticated urban planning, Myra has captured the interest of tourists and enthusiasts of history and culture alike. In the following sections, we delve deeper into the captivating history of this ancient city.
Lycian civilization
The ancient civilization of Lycia in Asia Minor is recognized as one of the earliest societies to embody democratic principles. Myra, revered as the capital of this civilization, held a paramount position among its cities. Renowned for its magnificence and beauty, Myra, known historically as Mira, derives its name possibly from the abundant shrub Marmak, which yielded gum for oil production in the region. In antiquity, Myra boasted splendid temples dedicated to Greek deities like Artemis and Apollo, contributing to its illustrious past and grandeur.
Establishment of the city of Mira
The precise founding date of the ancient city of Myra remains elusive, with no evidence predating the first century AD discovered thus far. However, from this period onward, Myra emerges in historical records as a significant city within the Lycian Union.
Situated in the region known as Lycia, Myra flourished as one of its prosperous urban centers. By the second century AD, Myra gained prominence as one of the six principal members of the Lycian Union. Following the rise of the Roman Empire, Myra transitioned into a Turkish city known as Calais. The city is surrounded by walls dating back over 2500 years, attesting to its ancient heritage. During the Byzantine era, Myra served as a pivotal hub in the Lycian region, holding considerable importance.
Temple of Artemis and Saint Nicholas
In antiquity, the ancient city of Myra boasted the magnificent Temple of Artemis, captivating all who beheld its grandeur. This temple, among the largest structures in Lycia, featured lush gardens, a splendid courtyard adorned with statues and columns, and stood as a testament to the city’s architectural prowess. Regrettably, no traces of the temple remain today, as it is believed that St. Nicholas sought to eradicate signs of idolatry by dismantling it. In 18 AD, Emperor Germanicus and his wife Agrippina visited Myra, leading to the construction of large statues in their honor at the ports of Myra and Andriake. These ports served as vital conduits for trade between the Romans and Egyptians, with Andriake gaining renown for its commercial and strategic significance.
The fate of the historical city of Mira
In 523 AD, the plague disease spread in the ancient city of Myra, leading to the death of almost a third of the city’s population. In addition to the plague, floods, storms, frequent earthquakes, and Muslim attacks caused further destruction to the city until Myra became an abandoned city in the 11th century.
However, the historic Myra amphitheater remained in its splendor as a reminder of the city’s past greatness. Also, stone graves in the heart of the rocks are considered as proofs of Myra’s heyday and authority. These ancient works serve as tangible remnants of the glorious era that this city has seen.
The attractions of the ancient city of Mira
The ancient city of Myra is one of the popular tourist destinations in this region. This ancient city with a very old history has many attractions including architectural remains and historical monuments. Visiting these ancient monuments in Myra allows visitors to immerse themselves in a journey into the unforgettable past of this ancient city. In the following, we will learn more about the main attractions of Myra.
Stone tombs
Tombs and stone graves in the ancient city of Myra are among the most important and beautiful attractions of this city. These tombs, which are carved into the rocks, attract the attention of every viewer. These stone tombs are located in two different areas: one by the river and the other above the amphitheater.
Stone tombs are carved with different forms and designs and are made of stone. In the past, these tombs were blue, yellow, and red, but with the passage of time and the influence of natural factors, their color has changed. However, their beauty and charm still remain. All the tombs contain pictures of burial ceremonies and life, depicting the culture and life of the people of the ancient city of Myra in the past. Some of these tombs date back to the 4th century BC and are known as “painted tombs” as the most prominent ones.
The painted tombs are located on the western cliffs of the city, inspiring wonder and amazement among visitors with their meticulous details of the burial ceremony and other aspects of life. These tombs are unique artistic masterpieces that convey valuable information about the culture and civilization of the ancient people of Myra.
Church of St. Nicholas
St. Nicholas Church, located near the ancient city of Myra, is another important historical attraction in this area. This church houses the stone coffin of St. Nicholas, one of the most revered Christian figures. Built in the 6th century AD, it stands on the site believed to be the burial place of St. Nicholas. The primary motivation behind the construction of this church was to transfer St. Nicholas’s remains to Italy after his death.
St. Nicholas Church has undergone several reconstructions and repairs throughout history. The structure visible today reflects the architecture of the 9th century AD. This historic building is adorned with beautiful and intricate details, renowned for its frescoes and exceptional works of art inside.
Visiting St. Nicholas Church offers a unique opportunity to delve into the life and significance of St. Nicholas in Christian history. Furthermore, as a religious and historical center, the church hosts religious gatherings and various ceremonies annually, drawing a large number of visitors and pilgrims.
Amphitheater of the historical city of Mira
The amphitheater of the ancient city of Myra stands as one of the most striking and memorable attractions within the ancient city. This colossal structure, built in the Roman-Greek style, boasts 38 tiers of seating, earning its reputation as one of the largest ancient amphitheaters globally. Despite the passage of centuries, this historical marvel remains remarkably well-preserved, retaining its original splendor.
Of particular interest is the ornate front facade of the amphitheater, adorned with a plethora of decorations that transport visitors to a bygone era. These embellishments include masks, symbols, and depictions of mythological scenes, each adding a unique allure and charm to the structure. Each of these adornments tells a story or myth that held significance throughout the ancient world.
Visitors to the ancient amphitheater of Myra are afforded a remarkable opportunity to immerse themselves in an atmosphere steeped in history and intrigue. As they gaze upon these exquisite and enigmatic decorations, they are transported through time, gaining insight into the lives and cultures of ancient civilizations. For this reason, the amphitheater of the ancient city of Myra stands as a captivating and inspiring destination, particularly for enthusiasts of history and art.
The best time to visit the ancient city of Mira
Visiting Antalya is best during the months from April to mid-June and from September to mid-October, avoiding the rainy winters and scorching summers of the region. If you plan to explore the ancient city of Myra during peak season (July and August), it’s advisable to go early in the morning or in the evening to escape the large crowds and intense summer heat. Shade near the antiquities is limited, so be prepared for the sun.
To access the archaeological site of Myra, visitors can pay an entrance fee during the designated visiting hours. These hours typically range from 8:00 AM to 7:00 PM in the first half of the year and from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM in the second half of the year. Additionally, renting a boat to explore the old port of Andriake is an option worth considering.
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